{"id":53169,"date":"2019-10-01T08:30:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-01T06:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/?p=53169"},"modified":"2019-09-30T21:20:51","modified_gmt":"2019-09-30T19:20:51","slug":"airbnb-sta-mercificando-le-citta-e-i-rapporti-umani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/?p=53169","title":{"rendered":"Airbnb sta mercificando le citt\u00e0 e i rapporti umani"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Di <strong>I DIAVOLI<\/strong> (Sarah Gainsforth)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"jsx-2848010560 corsivoBox\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Un estratto dal libro &#8220;Airbnb citt\u00e0 merce&#8221; di Sarah Gainsforth smonta la retorica della \u201cfiducia\u201d alla base del colosso della shared economy che sta reificando le citt\u00e0 e i rapporti umani.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-0-0\">Qualche tempo fa scrivevamo che <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-0-1\">Airbnb<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-0-2\"> \u00e8 un <\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/airbnb-tassello-gentrification\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/airbnb-tassello-gentrification\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-1-0\">tassello fondamentale per i processi di gentrification<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-0\">, cio\u00e8 per quei cambiamenti imposti <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-1\">dall\u2019alto<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-2\">, ammantati di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-3\">finto progresso<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-4\"> e volti in realt\u00e0 a <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-5\">mercificare<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-6\"> al massimo i luoghi e le relazioni, sopendo il conflitto e sostituendo all\u2019interazione sociale la ragione <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-7\">puramente consumistica<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9gm3s-2-8\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"36d07-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"36d07-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"36d07-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"e5tij-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"e5tij-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-0-0\">Di seguito \u2013 per gentile concessione dell&#8217;autrice e casa editrice, che ringraziamo \u2013 pubblichiamo un <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-0-1\">estratto<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-0-2\"> dal libro <\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/www.deriveapprodi.com\/prodotto\/airbnb-citta-merce\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deriveapprodi.com\/prodotto\/airbnb-citta-merce\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-1-0\">Airbnb citt\u00e0 merce. Storie di resistenza alla gentrificazione digitale<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-0\"> (da poco in libreria per i tipi di DeriveApprodi) di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-1\">Sarah Gainsforth<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-2\">, in cui si smonta la <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-3\">retorica della \u201cfiducia\u201d<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-4\"> alla base di Airbnb, il colosso della shared economy che sta reificando le citt\u00e0 e i <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-5\">rapporti umani<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e5tij-2-6\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"damq2-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/0778dca8-3aea-4610-8e6f-ae7792ff1269\/\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-offset-key=\"4sulk-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"4sulk-0-0\">Il sistema di pagamento, uno strumento per creare fiducia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"efim2-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"efim2-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"efim2-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-0\">Nel 2008, agli <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-1\">albori<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-2\"> di Airbnb, i pagamenti erano gestiti offline direttamente tra utenti e non sempre le cose filavano lisce. Quando all\u2019inizio del 2008 <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-3\">Chesky<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-4\"> and\u00f2 ad Austin per partecipare alla conferenza <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-5\">South by Southwest<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"daj35-0-6\">, soggiorn\u00f2 in un Airbnb, ma arriv\u00f2 senza contanti.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-0\">Assicur\u00f2 al suo <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-1\">host<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-2\"> che si sarebbe fermato a un bancomat quel giorno dopo l\u2019evento, ma se ne dimentic\u00f2 \u00e8 torn\u00f2 a casa a mani vuote. La mattina seguente il padrone di casa gli chiese i <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-3\">soldi <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b8o4g-0-4\">e Chesky dovette promettere ancora una volta di prelevare i contanti durante la giornata. Quella sera, per\u00f2, gli era di nuovo sfuggito di mente. La situazione era diventata piuttosto imbarazzante.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"fmlcb-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"fmlcb-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"fmlcb-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-0\">Finalmente Chesky pag\u00f2 il suo host ma l\u2019episodio gli sugger\u00ec la <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-1\">necessit\u00e0<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-2\"> di trovare un <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-3\">sistema sicuro<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-0-4\"> e impersonale per assicurare i pagamenti, per eliminare non solo eventuali errori umani ma anche \u00abl\u2019inconveniente e l\u2019imbarazzo di uno scambio personale di denaro contante\u00bb<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn1\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-1-0\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"ferle-2-0\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bal25-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bal25-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bal25-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-0\">Per <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-1\">gestire i pagamenti<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-2\">, il terzo e meno noto ma ugualmente importante fondatore di Airbnb, l\u2019ingegnere <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-3\">Nathan Blecharczyk<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-4\">, si rivolse inizialmente a <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-5\">PayPal<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"34hgk-0-6\">: gli ospiti pagavano online e gli host ricevevano un assegno a casa. Ma Airbnb cresceva e si presentavano sempre nuovi problemi: se Airbnb voleva fare il salto e diventare una compagnia globale, doveva trovare un sistema per processare i pagamenti.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"f1od7-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/bedba219-2b88-4f0d-93be-daa36f51ae37\/\" alt=\"airbnb\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"7r5l7-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"7r5l7-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"7r5l7-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-0\">Nel 2009 Blecharczyk si rivolse ad <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-1\">Amazon<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-2\"> e al suo allora nuovo servizio di pagamenti, comodo ed economico. Ancora oggi i servizi di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-3\">cloud storage<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-4\">, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-5\">hosting e database<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-6\"> di Airbnb sono tutti forniti da AWS, Amazon Web Service, il ramo di Amazon che <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-7\">vende servizi<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-8\"> di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-9\">cloud computing<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-10\">: <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-11\">EC2<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-12\"> (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) per le applicazioni e i server di ricerca; Amazon <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-13\">S3<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"57jmt-0-14\"> (Amazon Simple Storage Service) per ospitare backup e file statici, compresi 10 terabyte di immagini utente.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"f4pus-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"f4pus-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"f4pus-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-0\">Tutto il database<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-1\"> di Airbnb fu spostato su Amazon <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-2\">RDS<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-0-3\"> in soli 15 minuti<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn2\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-1-0\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-2-0\">. Da infrastruttura interna <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-2-1\">backend <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-2-2\">di Amazon, Amazon Web Service, creata nel 2002, rappresenta oggi il <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-2-3\">vero business<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"qenv-2-4\"> di Amazon, con 861 milioni di dollari di ricavi l\u2019anno \u2013 rispetto ai 255 guadagnati con le vendite negli Usa \u2013 e detiene un terzo del mercato globale dell\u2019infrastruttura cloud.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"460ia-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"460ia-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"460ia-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-0\">Tra i clienti di AWS c\u2019\u00e8 <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-1\">Netflix<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-2\">, che produce il 35% del traffico online negli Stati Uniti e, fino a poco fa, c\u2019era anche <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-3\">Dropbox<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-4\">. Il fatto di non dover dedicare tempo, risorse ed energie a mantenere le funzioni dei server ha permesso ad Airbnb, come ad altri clienti di Amazon, di dedicarsi quasi esclusivamente al proprio <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-5\">core business<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d8mqd-0-6\">. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"32d1n-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"32d1n-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"32d1n-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"b1bki-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"b1bki-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-0-0\">I sistemi di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-0-1\">rating on-line<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-0-2\">, spesso definiti come una delle principali innovazioni della sharing economy, rappresentavano un\u2019altra novit\u00e0. Nel giugno 2014 il \u00abNew York Times\u00bb<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn3\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn3\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-1-0\">[3]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-0\"> descriveva \u00abcome Airbnb e Lyft hanno finalmente permesso che gli americani si fidino l\u2019uno dell\u2019altro<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-1\">\u00bb<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-2\">. Poco dopo ancora il \u00abNYT\u00bb elogiava \u00abla <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-3\">vera innovazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-4\"> di Airbnb \u2013 una piattaforma di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-5\">fiducia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-6\"> \u2013 dove tutti possono non solo vedere l\u2019identit\u00e0 di tutti gli altri, ma anche <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-7\">valutare<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-8\"> gli host e gli ospiti come buoni, cattivi o indifferenti. Infatti coloro che utilizzano il sistema sviluppano rapidamente una \u201c<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-9\">reputazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-2-10\">\u201d visibile a tutti gli utenti\u00bb<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn4\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn4\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-3-0\">[4]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"b1bki-4-0\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"1j6jk-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/0a026638-8013-4116-8d8c-e0dc98671ef6\/\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-0\">Intorno al 2010 nascevano compagnie fondate sul <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-1\">modello economico<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-2\"> inaugurato da <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-3\">Uber<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-4\"> e Airbnb, ovvero sullo scambio \u2013 si disse \u2013 di beni e servizi <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-5\">peer-to-peer<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-0-6\"> (tra pari) mediato dalle piattaforme digitali<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn5\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-1-0\">[5]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-0\">. <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-1\">Economia on-demand<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-2\">, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-3\">economia collaborativa<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-4\">, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-5\">economia circolare<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-6\">, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-7\">gig-economy<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-8\"> erano alcune delle proposte per definire questa <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-9\">nuova economia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d073l-2-10\"> basata su un modello che privilegia l\u2019accesso alla propriet\u00e0 di beni e servizi. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"3s1hk-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"3s1hk-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"3s1hk-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"eiban-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"eiban-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-0-0\">Nel contesto dell\u2019<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-0-1\">espansione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-0-2\"> negli ultimi 10 anni del <\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/capitalismo-piattaforme-fascino\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/capitalismo-piattaforme-fascino\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-1-0\">modello della piattaforma<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-0\">, con la forte interdipendenza tra lato dell\u2019offerta e lato della domanda, la retorica della <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-1\">micro-imprenditorialit\u00e0<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-2\">, del potere democratico e redistributivo della Rete ridefinisce gli utenti come \u00abliberi imprenditori di s\u00e9 stessi\u00bb. Sulla base di questa retorica, Airbnb ha costruito la <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-3\">propria immagine<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-4\"> come una <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-5\">comunit\u00e0<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-6\"> inclusiva fondata, appunto, sulla <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-7\">fiducia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"eiban-2-8\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bvmde-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bvmde-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bvmde-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-0\">Due anni prima della nascita di Airbnb, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-1\">Joe Gebbia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-2\"> aveva avuto modo di riflettere sul <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-0-3\">problema della fiducia<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn6\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-1-0\">[6]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"ao1hp-2-0\">. Gebbia aveva conosciuto un tizio di passaggio in citt\u00e0 e, bevendo una birra insieme, aveva scoperto che il tizio non aveva un alloggio per la notte.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"b2uok-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"b2uok-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b2uok-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"1d89i-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"1d89i-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"1d89i-0-0\">\u00abHo pensato, cavolo\u00bc che faccio? Ci siamo passati tutti, no? Mi offro di ospitarlo? L\u2019ho appena incontrato\u00bc E cos\u00ec, gli ho detto: \u201cAscolta, ho un materasso gonfiabile in salotto, ti puoi fermare l\u00ec\u201d, ma una voce in testa diceva \u201cAspetta, cosa?\u201d\u00bb.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"e54tj-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"e54tj-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"e54tj-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-0\">Gebbia ospit\u00f2 il tizio ma <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-1\">chiuse a chiave<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-2\"> la porta della camera. Eventualmente i due sarebbero diventati amici, e il racconto dell\u2019episodio termina con la <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-3\">candida considerazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"cd4ko-0-4\"> che \u00abforse le persone che la mia educazione mi ha insegnato a considerare come sconosciuti sono soltanto amici in attesa di essere scoperti\u00bb.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"9ofb9-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/d8ec5ead-6cd6-417d-8a16-8ed30153d725\/\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"fkt54-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"fkt54-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"fkt54-0-0\">Il racconto di Gebbia si basa sul presupposto che fidarsi di uno sconosciuto sia un fatto raro ed eccezionale, per presentare Airbnb come uno strumento di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"fkt54-0-1\">creazione di fiducia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"fkt54-0-2\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"sg22-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"sg22-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"sg22-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-0\">In verit\u00e0 la fiducia tra esseri umani \u00e8 fortemente <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-1\">condizionata<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-2\"> dai livelli di ineguaglianza dei redditi: nelle nazioni e negli stati degli Usa dove i differenziali di reddito sono maggiori il grado di fiducia tra la popolazione tende a essere <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-3\">pi\u00f9 basso<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-4\">; al contrario <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-5\">alti livelli<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dfrrs-0-6\"> di fiducia sono associati a bassi livelli di diseguaglianza.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"dk446-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"dk446-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"dk446-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"37plc-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"37plc-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-0-0\">Il Portogallo \u00e8 il paese con il grado di fiducia pi\u00f9 basso: soltanto il 10% dei portoghesi si fida del prossimo<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn7\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-1-0\">[7]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-0\">. <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-1\">L\u2019anonimato<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-2\">, inoltre, \u00e8 un tratto specifico della <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-3\">condizione urbana<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-4\">: il fatto che gli sconosciuti non siano \u00abamici\u00bb \u00e8 un fatto assolutamente normale e tra l\u2019altro anche abbastanza apprezzato. \u00c8 su questo anonimato che, non diversamente dai mercati tradizionali, si fondano i mercati della sharing economy \u2013 per non parlare di quello delle <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-5\">tecnologie della sorveglianza<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"37plc-2-6\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"5mqbb-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"5mqbb-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"5mqbb-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-0\">L\u2019anonimato, e quindi la creazione di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-1\">sistemi reputazionali<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-2\"> online, \u00e8 alla base del successo delle piattaforme digitali che forniscono soluzioni ai problemi <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-3\">pratici<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-4\"> della <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-5\">vita urbana<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-6\"> \u2013 trovare un passaggio, un alloggio, un ristorante \u2013 non ai problemi di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-7\">fiducia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-8\"> tra umani. I sistemi di rating degli utenti creano la fiducia necessaria perch\u00e9 sia possibile la transazione economica, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-9\">l\u2019amicizia c\u2019entra ben poco<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"22iug-0-10\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bn314-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bn314-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bn314-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-0\">Di pi\u00f9, la fiducia \u00e8 accordata in primo luogo alla piattaforma, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-1\">non ai suoi utenti<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-2\">: l\u2019affidabilit\u00e0 percepita dei potenziali affittuari elencati su Airbnb si basa sulla <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-3\">reputazione di Airbnb<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-4\">, non sulla fiducia in uno sconosciuto, per quanto i sistemi di rating tra <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-5\">peers<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-6\"> possano funzionare (ma non sempre) come <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-7\">meccanismi di controllo<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b16fl-0-8\">. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"6clfu-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/d3aef5d1-e3e5-4bd2-bdce-79e611530f8f\/\" alt=\"take back the city\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-0\">Inoltre, attraverso gli <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-1\">algoritmi reputazionali<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-2\"> Airbnb <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-3\">gestisce<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-4\"> la fiducia e controlla l\u2019attivit\u00e0 degli utenti sulla piattaforma, la visibilit\u00e0 e il ranking degli annunci, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-5\">suggerisce i prezzi<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-6\"> da applicare (anche talvolta segnalando agli host che nei dintorni ci sono annunci pi\u00f9 economici), mettendo in <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-7\">competizione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1aubq-0-8\"> gli host tra loro e portando a un ribasso dei prezzi che influisce anche sui prezzi delle strutture ricettive tradizionali.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"7qmv9-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"7qmv9-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"7qmv9-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-0\">Airbnb lavora <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-1\">costantemente<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-2\"> per migliorare le funzioni di ricerca cercando di accoppiare i gusti degli host con quelli degli ospiti. Secondo Laura non tutti gli host ricevono la stessa variet\u00e0 di richieste: \u00abIo mi sono trovata male con alcuni ospiti asiatici, e non ricevo pi\u00f9 richieste di alloggio da parte di turisti asiatici. Ma alcuni miei amici ricevono <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-3\">solo<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"4tm0a-0-4\"> richieste di turisti dall\u2019Asia\u00bb. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"3vjfq-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"3vjfq-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"3vjfq-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-0\">La vera novit\u00e0 di Airbnb non era la pratica della condivisione o la creazione di fiducia fra utenti, ma l\u2019<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-1\">estrazione di valore<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-2\"> da forme di cooperazione precedenti, e il definire un\u2019attivit\u00e0 economica, l\u2019affitto di un\u2019abitazione, come \u201c<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-3\">condivisione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-4\">\u201d. Alla base della fiducia su Airbnb c\u2019\u00e8 una <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-5\">transazione economica<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6c5n4-0-6\">, nulla di pi\u00f9.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bc979-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bc979-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bc979-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-0\">La fiducia \u00e8 la condizione stessa per <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-1\">accedere<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-2\"> ad Airbnb, non <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-3\">il risultato<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-4\"> delle nuove tecnologie. Di pi\u00f9, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-5\">lungi dal creare<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-6\"> una comunit\u00e0 di utenti-amici, i sistemi di rating permettono proprio il contrario: la possibilit\u00e0 di mantenere <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-7\">una certa distanza<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-8\">, affinch\u00e9 i partecipanti allo \u00abscambio\u00bb non si sentano in dovere di continuare a interagire <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-9\">dopo la transazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbtj-0-10\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"5kc4n-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"5kc4n-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"5kc4n-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-0\">Grazie alla <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-1\">mediazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-2\"> della piattaforma la qualit\u00e0 urbana che molti apprezzano \u2013 l\u2019anonimato, l\u2019indipendenza e una chiara divisione tra la sfera pubblica e quella privata \u2013 pu\u00f2 essere mantenuta. Gli utenti possono decidere dove <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-3\">tracciare il confine<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"7c629-0-4\"> tra le due, un confine a cui la maggior parte degli host, che realmente affitta una parte della propria casa, tiene moltissimo.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"4sb4l-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"4sb4l-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"4sb4l-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-0\">Inoltre la mediazione della piattaforma consente di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-1\">evitare <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-2\">proprio quelle situazioni personali <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-3\">non normate<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-4\">, casuali e impreviste che gli americani definiscono come <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-5\">awkward<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-6\">, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-7\">scomode<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-8\">. Quella in cui si trov\u00f2 <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-9\">Gebbia<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-10\"> ospitando il tizio di passaggio conosciuto casualmente, quella in cui <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-11\">Chesky <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8sicu-0-12\">si trov\u00f2 dimenticando per tre volte di prelevare contanti per pagare il suo host a Austin.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"212g9-0-0\">\n<div><span class=\" lazy-load-image-background blur lazy-load-image-loaded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ucarecdn.com\/375a53eb-cbde-49ca-808f-f52ecfba76c8\/\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"6t6er-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"6t6er-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"6t6er-0-0\">In questo senso Airbnb fornisce una struttura standard, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6t6er-0-1\">fondata su un rapporto economico<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6t6er-0-2\">, per relazioni tra sconosciuti. Ma l\u2019imprevedibilit\u00e0 degli incontri tra sconosciuti \u00e8, o dovrebbe essere, una qualit\u00e0 e una prerogativa della vita urbana stessa. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"fus23-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"fus23-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"fus23-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-0\">Secondo i <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-1\">sostenitori <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-2\">delle piattaforme digitali come Airbnb, i sistemi di rating online giustificherebbero una totale <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-3\">deregolamentazione<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-4\"> del settore in nome dell\u2019innovazione. \u00abIl motivo principale per regolamentare gli alloggi brevi turistici \u00e8 la protezione dei <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-5\">consumatori<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-6\">, e i sistemi di reputazione potrebbero svolgere questo compito <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-7\">molto meglio dei governi<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-0-8\"> delle citt\u00e0\u00bb<\/span><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn8\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftn8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-1-0\">[8]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"bqin2-2-0\"> ha dichiarato Chesky, svelando la vera natura dello scambio che la piattaforma intermedia.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"f97n2-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"f97n2-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"f97n2-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-0\">Airbnb resta infatti prima di tutto un <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-1\">medium<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-2\"> per svolgere una <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-3\">transazione economica<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-4\"> tra <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-5\">consumatori<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-6\">. La tecnologia, la Rete e le piattaforme, hanno facilitato la creazione di nuovi modelli economici basati sulla cattura e <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-7\">l\u2019estrazione di valore <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-8\">dalle attivit\u00e0 (e dalla cooperazione) degli utenti e dalle loro interazioni sulle piattaforme, sotto forma di <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-9\">dati<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"28kc0-0-10\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"c0kql-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"c0kql-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"c0kql-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-0\">Le nuove possibilit\u00e0 di interazione offerte dalle <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-1\">piattaforme<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-2\"> hanno ampliato il mercato di prodotti <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-3\">da assoggettare<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-4\"> a transazioni economiche: \u00e8 <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-5\">il campo delle merci<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-6\"> a essere modificato, non la fiducia alla base delle transazioni. Sono diventate merci la casa, l\u2019automobile, i beni, le attivit\u00e0 e le stesse <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-7\">esperienze umane<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"b6pb8-0-8\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"ccd0u-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"ccd0u-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"ccd0u-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"5b70h-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"5b70h-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"5b70h-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"cfnbf-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"cfnbf-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"cfnbf-0-0\">Note del testo<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"3q37p-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"3q37p-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"3q37p-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref1\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-0-0\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-1-0\"> A. Zhu, K. Kim, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-1-1\">Scaling Airbnb\u2019s Payment Platform<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"5sj3m-1-2\">, \u00abMedium\u00bb, 12 settembre 2016<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"fl2df-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"fl2df-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"fl2df-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"ap6s2-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"ap6s2-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref2\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"ap6s2-0-0\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"ap6s2-1-0\"> Amazon, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ap6s2-1-1\">Airbnb Case Study<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"79bku-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"79bku-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"79bku-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref3\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref3\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-0-0\">[3]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-1-0\"> David Brooks, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-1-1\">The Evolution of Trust<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-1-2\">, \u00abThe New York Times\u00bb, 30 giugno 2014, in Tom Slee, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-1-3\">The rise and fall of the Sharing Economy<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dh4h6-1-4\">, op. cit. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"2h57v-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"2h57v-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"2h57v-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"3clhp-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"3clhp-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref4\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref4\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"3clhp-0-0\">[4]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"3clhp-1-0\"> Thomas L. Friedman, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"3clhp-1-1\">And Now for a Bit of Good News<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"3clhp-1-2\">\u2026, \u00abThe New York Times\u00bb, 19 luglio 2014<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"adunt-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"adunt-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"adunt-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref5\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-0-0\">[5]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-1-0\"> Tom Slee, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-1-1\">The rise and fall of the Sharing Economy<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-1-2\">,<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-1-3\"> op.cit<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6ilkv-1-4\">. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"9jhf2-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"9jhf2-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"9jhf2-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"12ms1-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"12ms1-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref6\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"12ms1-0-0\">[6]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"12ms1-1-0\"> L\u2019episodio \u00e8 raccontato da Gebbia nel citato TED talk <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"12ms1-1-1\">How we design for trust<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"ss5t-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"ss5t-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"ss5t-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"fahc-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"fahc-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref7\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"fahc-0-0\">[7]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"fahc-1-0\"> R. Wilkinson, K. Pickett, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"fahc-1-1\">La misura dell\u2019anima, Perch\u00e9 le disuguaglianze rendono le societ\u00e0 pi\u00f9 infelici<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"fahc-1-2\">, Feltrinelli, Milano 2012, p. 59<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"8qk51-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"8qk51-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"8qk51-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"48npc\" data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\" data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\"><a title=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref8\" href=\"https:\/\/idiavoli.surge.sh\/articoli\/5d88beadf197960017511799#_ftnref8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\">[8]<\/span><\/a><span data-offset-key=\"bb8be-1-0\"> Brian Chesky, Interviewed by Sara Lacy, Reported in Skift\u2019, \u00abSkift\u00bb, 11 luglio 2013, in T. Slee, <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bb8be-1-1\">The rise and fall of the Sharing Economy<\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bb8be-1-2\">, op. cit.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\"><\/div>\n<div data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\"><\/div>\n<div data-offset-key=\"bb8be-0-0\"><strong>Fonte:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/airbnb-sta-mercificando-le-citt-e-i-rapporti-umani\">https:\/\/www.idiavoli.com\/it\/article\/airbnb-sta-mercificando-le-citt-e-i-rapporti-umani<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Di I DIAVOLI (Sarah Gainsforth) &nbsp; Un estratto dal libro &#8220;Airbnb citt\u00e0 merce&#8221; di Sarah Gainsforth smonta la retorica della \u201cfiducia\u201d alla base del colosso della shared economy che sta reificando le citt\u00e0 e i rapporti umani. Qualche tempo fa scrivevamo che Airbnb \u00e8 un tassello fondamentale per i processi di gentrification, cio\u00e8 per quei cambiamenti imposti dall\u2019alto, ammantati di finto progresso e volti in realt\u00e0 a mercificare al massimo i luoghi e le relazioni,&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":34030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IDiavoli-logo-300x61.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ZaJ4-dPz","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/92"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53169"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53173,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53169\/revisions\/53173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appelloalpopolo.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}